上海的文化被称为“海派文化”。海派文化的主体，根植于江南地区传统的吴越文化，并且融入了开埠以后来自欧美各国的西方文化，而逐步形成的一种不同于中国其他地区的独特文化。而海派的来源，有说法指于清末民初的海上画派有关。海上画派的前源是以董其昌为代表的松江画派。后随着上海商业的繁荣，越来越多的人开始以卖画为生，海上画派之名渐广为人知。

Shanghai is sometimes considered a center of innovation and progress in China. It was in Shanghai, for example, that the first motor car was driven and (technically) the first train tracks and modern sewers were laid. It was also the intellectual battleground between socialist writers who concentrated on critical realism, which was pioneered by Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Nien Cheng and the famous French novel by André Malraux, Man's Fate, and the more "bourgeois", more romantic and aesthetically inclined writers, such as Shi Zhecun, Shao Xunmei, Ye Lingfeng, and Eileen Chang.

In the past years Shanghai has been widely recognized as a new influence and inspiration for cyberpunk culture.[125] Futuristic buildings such as the Oriental Pearl Tower and the neon-illuminated Yan'an Elevated Road are a few examples that have helped to boost Shanghai's cyberpunk image.